Takeover Tracker
45%medium risk
Tax Preparers
vs

38 shared · 13 different

core competencies

51%high risk
Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks

Side-by-Side Comparison

MetricTax PreparersBilling, Cost, and Rate Clerks
Risk Score44.6%51.2%
Risk TierMedium RiskHigh Risk
Risk Percentile90th98th
Tasks at Risk (>50%)8 / 1212 / 15
Median Salary$50,560$47,170
Employment74K418K

Skill Comparison

|

Sorted by largest difference

Getting Information
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge
Clerical
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others
Analyzing Data or Information
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards
Written Comprehension
MathematicsAI-Vulnerable
Documenting/Recording Information
Economics and Accounting
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public
Customer and Personal Service

Protective Factors

Higher values indicate stronger protection against AI displacement

Tax Preparers

26%

total discount

Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks

24%

total discount

Task Risk Comparison

Tasks sorted by AI automation risk — higher means more automatable

Tax Preparers

8 of 12 at risk
88%Compute taxes owed or overpaid, using adding machines or personal computers, and complete entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables.
86%Schedule appointments with clients.
86%Calculate form preparation fees according to return complexity and processing time required.
84%Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.
84%Review financial records such as income statements and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare tax returns.

Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks

12 of 15 at risk
88%Type billing documents, shipping labels, credit memorandums, or credit forms, using typewriters or computers.
88%Compute credit terms, discounts, shipment charges, or rates for goods or services to complete billing documents.
86%Operate typing, adding, calculating, or billing machines.
86%Consult sources such as rate books, manuals, or insurance company representatives to determine specific charges or information such as rules, regulations, or government tax and tariff information.
86%Track accumulated hours and dollar amounts charged to each client job to calculate client fees for professional services, such as legal or accounting services.

Wage Comparison

Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks earns -$3,390(-7%) vs Tax Preparers
Tax PreparersBilling, Cost, and Rate Clerks
10th
$30,500$35,760
25th
$37,750$40,260
Median
$50,560$47,170
75th
$75,590$56,350
90th
$96,240$64,990

Premium Head-to-Head Analysis

Displacement Timeline Comparison

Tax Preparers2028–2035
Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks2028–2035
20242030203520402045

Tax Preparers has a longer runway before significant displacement, projected 0 years later than Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks.

Risk-Adjusted Salary

Salary weighted by displacement risk: salary × (1 − risk%)

Tax Preparers

$28,025

from $50,560

Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks

$23,014

from $47,170

After adjusting for AI risk, Tax Preparers offers $5,011 more in risk-adjusted pay.

Transition Feasibility

1%

Skill Overlap

Low overlap — significant retraining needed for transition

0

Unique to Tax

0

Unique to Billing,

Combined Protection Strategy

Regardless of which path you choose, focus on these protective factors

Creativity
Decision Complexity
Fine Manipulation
Regulatory Barriers
Tax PreparersBilling, Cost, and Rate Clerks
Find transitions from Tax PreparersFind transitions from Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks