Accountants
Analyze financial information and prepare financial reports to determine or maintain record of assets, liabilities, profit and loss, tax liability, or other financial activities within an organization.
AI Impact Summary
Accountants faces moderate AI displacement risk with a score of 40/100. This occupation has higher AI displacement risk than 82% of all analyzed occupations. Of 18 analyzed tasks, 5 are highly automatable, particularly routine cognitive tasks. Strong protective factors — including social intelligence, creativity, or regulatory barriers — significantly reduce effective risk.
Skill Impact Analysis
AI-Vulnerable Skills (6)
High reliance on Reading Comprehension is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
High reliance on Mathematics is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
High reliance on Mathematics is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
High reliance on Information Ordering is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
Memorization is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Programming is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
AI-Resistant Skills (11)
Adaptability/Flexibility is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Complex Problem Solving is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Social Perceptiveness is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Coordination is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Persuasion is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Service Orientation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Negotiation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Leadership is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
AI-Augmented Skills (7)
Recommended Courses
Courses matched to Accountants skill gaps, ranked by relevance to your displacement risk profile.
Get personalized recommendations. Answer a few questions about your experience and skills to get course suggestions tailored specifically to you.
Upskill to Reduce Risk
Courses addressing your most AI-vulnerable skills
Machine Learning Specialization
by Stanford / DeepLearning.AI
Estimated Impact
AI-Augmentation Tools
Learn to work alongside AI and boost your productivity
Creative Writing Specialization
by Wesleyan University
Estimated Impact
Strengthen Your Edge
Double down on skills AI can't replicate
Inspired Leadership Through Emotional Intelligence
by Case Western Reserve University
Estimated Impact
We may earn a commission when you enroll through our links, at no extra cost to you. This helps fund the Takeover Tracker.
Risk reduction and salary impact are estimates based on skill gap analysis, course relevance, and labor market data. Actual results vary by individual circumstance.
Education & Training
Percentage of workers at each education and training level
Education Level
Prior Experience Needed
Work experience required to enter this job
Training Provided After Hiring
How long it typically takes to learn on the job
How AI Impacts Each Task
18 tasks analyzed
Maintain or examine the records of government agencies.
Develop, maintain, and analyze budgets, preparing periodic reports that compare budgeted costs to actual costs.
Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.
Prepare adjusting journal entries.
Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences.
Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts.
Compute taxes owed and prepare tax returns, ensuring compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements.
Advise clients in areas such as compensation, employee health care benefits, the design of accounting or data processing systems, or long-range tax or estate plans.
Represent clients before taxing authorities and provide support during litigation involving financial issues.
Analyze business operations, trends, costs, revenues, financial commitments, and obligations to project future revenues and expenses or to provide advice.
Report to management regarding the finances of establishment.
Develop, implement, modify, and document recordkeeping and accounting systems, making use of current computer technology.
Provide internal and external auditing services for businesses or individuals.
Advise management about issues such as resource utilization, tax strategies, and the assumptions underlying budget forecasts.
Prepare forms and manuals for accounting and bookkeeping personnel and direct their work activities.
Appraise, evaluate, and inventory real property and equipment, recording information such as the description, value, and location of property.
Survey operations to ascertain accounting needs and to recommend, develop, or maintain solutions to business and financial problems.
Process invoices for payment.
| Task | AI Capability | Risk | Time % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maintain or examine the records of government agencies. | 72Estimated | 78.0% | 3% | |
| Develop, maintain, and analyze budgets, preparing periodic reports that compare budgeted costs to actual costs. | 56.9Observed | 49.8% | 8% | |
| Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards. | 58.45Observed | 50.4% | 12% | |
| Prepare adjusting journal entries. | 87Estimated | 84.0% | 6% | |
| Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences. | 90Estimated | 85.2% | 8% | |
| Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts. | 50Observed | 69.2% | 5% | |
| Compute taxes owed and prepare tax returns, ensuring compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements. | 77Estimated | 80.0% | 8% | |
| Advise clients in areas such as compensation, employee health care benefits, the design of accounting or data processing systems, or long-range tax or estate plans. | 30Estimated | 27.0% | 4% | |
| Represent clients before taxing authorities and provide support during litigation involving financial issues. | 15Estimated | 21.0% | 3% | |
| Analyze business operations, trends, costs, revenues, financial commitments, and obligations to project future revenues and expenses or to provide advice. | 56.15Observed | 49.5% | 8% | |
| Report to management regarding the finances of establishment. | 40Estimated | 31.0% | 5% | |
| Develop, implement, modify, and document recordkeeping and accounting systems, making use of current computer technology. | 47.55Observed | 46.0% | 5% | |
| Provide internal and external auditing services for businesses or individuals. | 60Estimated | 51.0% | 6% | |
| Advise management about issues such as resource utilization, tax strategies, and the assumptions underlying budget forecasts. | 35Estimated | 29.0% | 5% | |
| Prepare forms and manuals for accounting and bookkeeping personnel and direct their work activities. | 62.35Observed | 39.9% | 4% | |
| Appraise, evaluate, and inventory real property and equipment, recording information such as the description, value, and location of property. | 46.7Observed | 67.9% | 2% | |
| Survey operations to ascertain accounting needs and to recommend, develop, or maintain solutions to business and financial problems. | 40Estimated | 43.0% | 3% | |
| Process invoices for payment. | 92Estimated | 86.0% | 5% |
Protective Factors
Total protective discount: 28.2%
Essential Soft Skills
Traits that are hard for AI to replicate
Wage & Employment (2024)
Median Wage
$81,680
per year
Mean Wage
$93,520
per year
Employment
1.4M
workers
Wage Range
$52,780 - $141,420
10th - 90th pct
Wage Distribution
Explore other career paths
Compare displacement risk across occupations and find careers with stronger long-term prospects.
Alternate Career Paths
See all transitionsPersonal Financial Advisors
32%Median salary: $102,140
Higher risk than 51% of other occupations
Insurance Underwriters
33%Median salary: $79,880
Higher risk than 54% of other occupations
Financial Analysts
33%Median salary: $101,350
Higher risk than 59% of other occupations
Compensation and Benefits Managers
34%Median salary: $140,360
Higher risk than 63% of other occupations
Auditors
36%Median salary: $81,680
Higher risk than 69% of other occupations
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
36%Median salary: $77,020
Higher risk than 70% of other occupations
Budget Analysts
38%Median salary: $87,930
Higher risk than 75% of other occupations
Risk Management Specialists
38%Median salary: $80,190
Higher risk than 77% of other occupations
Credit Analysts
42%Median salary: $80,970
Higher risk than 86% of other occupations
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
56%Median salary: $49,210
Higher risk than 99% of other occupations
Recommendations
Skills to Develop
These skills are at risk from AI automation. Accountants professionals should diversify beyond them.
- Reading Comprehension
High reliance on Reading Comprehension is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Mathematics
High reliance on Mathematics is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Mathematics
High reliance on Mathematics is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Information Ordering
High reliance on Information Ordering is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Memorization
Memorization is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Skills to Leverage
These human-centric skills remain difficult for AI to replicate. Double down here.
- Adaptability/Flexibility
Adaptability/Flexibility is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Complex Problem Solving
Complex Problem Solving is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Social Perceptiveness
Social Perceptiveness is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Coordination
Coordination is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Persuasion
Persuasion is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Tools to Adopt
AI can amplify these skills. Learn the tools that augment rather than replace your work.
- Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Writing
Writing will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Judgment and Decision Making
Judgment and Decision Making will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Monitoring
Monitoring will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Systems Analysis
Systems Analysis will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
Score History
Risk score over 10 scoring runs
overall change