Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers.
AI Impact Summary
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks faces high AI displacement risk with a score of 56/100. This occupation has higher AI displacement risk than 99% of all analyzed occupations. Of 30 analyzed tasks, 15 are highly automatable, particularly routine cognitive tasks. Strong protective factors — including social intelligence, creativity, or regulatory barriers — significantly reduce effective risk.
Skill Impact Analysis
AI-Vulnerable Skills (6)
High reliance on Mathematics is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
High reliance on Mathematics is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
High reliance on Reading Comprehension is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
High reliance on Information Ordering is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
Memorization is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Programming is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
AI-Resistant Skills (11)
Adaptability/Flexibility is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Leadership is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Complex Problem Solving is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Coordination is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Service Orientation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Social Perceptiveness is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Persuasion is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Negotiation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
AI-Augmented Skills (7)
Recommended Courses
Courses matched to Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks skill gaps, ranked by relevance to your displacement risk profile.
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Upskill to Reduce Risk
Courses addressing your most AI-vulnerable skills
Machine Learning Specialization
by Stanford / DeepLearning.AI
Estimated Impact
AI-Augmentation Tools
Learn to work alongside AI and boost your productivity
Creative Writing Specialization
by Wesleyan University
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Strengthen Your Edge
Double down on skills AI can't replicate
Leading People and Teams Specialization
by University of Michigan
Estimated Impact
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Risk reduction and salary impact are estimates based on skill gap analysis, course relevance, and labor market data. Actual results vary by individual circumstance.
Education & Training
Percentage of workers at each education and training level
Education Level
Prior Experience Needed
Work experience required to enter this job
Training Provided After Hiring
How long it typically takes to learn on the job
How AI Impacts Each Task
30 tasks analyzed
Perform personal bookkeeping services.
Operate computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information.
Prepare and process payroll information.
Check figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and proper codes.
Prepare bank deposits by compiling data from cashiers, verifying and balancing receipts, and sending cash, checks, or other forms of payment to banks.
Compute deductions for income and social security taxes.
Comply with federal, state, and company policies, procedures, and regulations.
Operate 10-key calculators, typewriters, and copy machines to perform calculations and produce documents.
Receive, record, and bank cash, checks, and vouchers.
Calculate and prepare checks for utilities, taxes, and other payments.
Monitor status of loans and accounts to ensure that payments are up to date.
Reconcile records of bank transactions.
Compile budget data and documents, based on estimated revenues and expenses and previous budgets.
Perform financial calculations, such as amounts due, interest charges, balances, discounts, equity, and principal.
Code documents according to company procedures.
Reconcile or note and report discrepancies found in records.
Perform general office duties, such as filing, answering telephones, and handling routine correspondence.
Compare computer printouts to manually maintained journals to determine if they match.
Transfer details from separate journals to general ledgers or data processing sheets.
Access computerized financial information to answer general questions as well as those related to specific accounts.
Classify, record, and summarize numerical and financial data to compile and keep financial records, using journals and ledgers or computers.
Complete and submit tax forms and returns, workers' compensation forms, pension contribution forms, and other government documents.
Calculate, prepare, and issue bills, invoices, account statements, and other financial statements according to established procedures.
Debit, credit, and total accounts on computer spreadsheets and databases, using specialized accounting software.
Calculate costs of materials, overhead, and other expenses, based on estimates, quotations and price lists.
Match order forms with invoices, and record the necessary information.
Prepare purchase orders and expense reports.
Prepare trial balances of books.
Compile statistical, financial, accounting, or auditing reports and tables pertaining to such matters as cash receipts, expenditures, accounts payable and receivable, and profits and losses.
Maintain inventory records.
| Task | AI Capability | Risk | Time % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perform personal bookkeeping services. | 85Estimated | 83.2% | 2% | |
| Operate computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information. | 49.72Observed | 69.1% | 8% | |
| Prepare and process payroll information. | 46.25Observed | 67.7% | 4% | |
| Check figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and proper codes. | 95Estimated | 87.2% | 6% | |
| Prepare bank deposits by compiling data from cashiers, verifying and balancing receipts, and sending cash, checks, or other forms of payment to banks. | 60Estimated | 73.2% | 3% | |
| Compute deductions for income and social security taxes. | 50.8Observed | 69.5% | 2% | |
| Comply with federal, state, and company policies, procedures, and regulations. | 21.05Observed | 57.6% | 3% | |
| Operate 10-key calculators, typewriters, and copy machines to perform calculations and produce documents. | 30Estimated | 45.0% | 4% | |
| Receive, record, and bank cash, checks, and vouchers. | 60Estimated | 73.2% | 3% | |
| Calculate and prepare checks for utilities, taxes, and other payments. | 42.2Observed | 66.1% | 3% | |
| Monitor status of loans and accounts to ensure that payments are up to date. | 95Estimated | 87.2% | 2% | |
| Reconcile records of bank transactions. | 45Observed | 67.2% | 3% | |
| Compile budget data and documents, based on estimated revenues and expenses and previous budgets. | 53.87Observed | 70.8% | 2% | |
| Perform financial calculations, such as amounts due, interest charges, balances, discounts, equity, and principal. | 35.52Observed | 63.4% | 4% | |
| Code documents according to company procedures. | 92Estimated | 86.0% | 3% | |
| Reconcile or note and report discrepancies found in records. | 80Estimated | 59.0% | 4% | |
| Perform general office duties, such as filing, answering telephones, and handling routine correspondence. | 49.3Observed | 68.9% | 5% | |
| Compare computer printouts to manually maintained journals to determine if they match. | 70Estimated | 77.2% | 3% | |
| Transfer details from separate journals to general ledgers or data processing sheets. | 95Estimated | 87.2% | 3% | |
| Access computerized financial information to answer general questions as well as those related to specific accounts. | 35.12Observed | 63.3% | 3% | |
| Classify, record, and summarize numerical and financial data to compile and keep financial records, using journals and ledgers or computers. | 46.1Observed | 67.6% | 5% | |
| Complete and submit tax forms and returns, workers' compensation forms, pension contribution forms, and other government documents. | 75Estimated | 79.2% | 2% | |
| Calculate, prepare, and issue bills, invoices, account statements, and other financial statements according to established procedures. | 48.5Observed | 68.6% | 4% | |
| Debit, credit, and total accounts on computer spreadsheets and databases, using specialized accounting software. | 98Estimated | 88.4% | 5% | |
| Calculate costs of materials, overhead, and other expenses, based on estimates, quotations and price lists. | 50Observed | 69.2% | 2% | |
| Match order forms with invoices, and record the necessary information. | 95Estimated | 87.2% | 3% | |
| Prepare purchase orders and expense reports. | 90Estimated | 85.2% | 2% | |
| Prepare trial balances of books. | 98Estimated | 88.4% | 2% | |
| Compile statistical, financial, accounting, or auditing reports and tables pertaining to such matters as cash receipts, expenditures, accounts payable and receivable, and profits and losses. | 51.85Observed | 69.9% | 3% | |
| Maintain inventory records. | 90Estimated | 85.2% | 2% |
Protective Factors
Total protective discount: 23.4%
Essential Soft Skills
Traits that are hard for AI to replicate
Wage & Employment (2024)
Median Wage
$49,210
per year
Mean Wage
$52,020
per year
Employment
1.5M
workers
Wage Range
$34,600 - $72,660
10th - 90th pct
Wage Distribution
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Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks
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Sales Managers
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General and Operations Managers
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Advertising and Promotions Managers
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Recommendations
Skills to Develop
These skills are at risk from AI automation. Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks professionals should diversify beyond them.
- Mathematics
High reliance on Mathematics is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Mathematics
High reliance on Mathematics is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Reading Comprehension
High reliance on Reading Comprehension is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Information Ordering
High reliance on Information Ordering is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Memorization
Memorization is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Skills to Leverage
These human-centric skills remain difficult for AI to replicate. Double down here.
- Adaptability/Flexibility
Adaptability/Flexibility is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Leadership
Leadership is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Complex Problem Solving
Complex Problem Solving is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Coordination
Coordination is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Service Orientation
Service Orientation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Tools to Adopt
AI can amplify these skills. Learn the tools that augment rather than replace your work.
- Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Writing
Writing will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Monitoring
Monitoring will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Judgment and Decision Making
Judgment and Decision Making will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Active Learning
Active Learning will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
Score History
Risk score over 2 scoring runs
overall change