Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of an establishment in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; boiler making; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.
AI Impact Summary
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General faces low AI displacement risk with a score of 24/100. This occupation has higher AI displacement risk than 16% of all analyzed occupations. Of 30 analyzed tasks, 3 are highly automatable, particularly routine cognitive tasks. Strong protective factors — including social intelligence, creativity, or regulatory barriers — significantly reduce effective risk.
Skill Impact Analysis
AI-Vulnerable Skills (6)
High reliance on Information Ordering is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
Reading Comprehension is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Mathematics is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Memorization is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Mathematics is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Programming is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
AI-Resistant Skills (11)
Equipment Maintenance is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Manual Dexterity is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Adaptability/Flexibility is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Leadership is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Complex Problem Solving is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Coordination is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Social Perceptiveness is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Service Orientation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
AI-Augmented Skills (7)
Recommended Courses
Courses matched to Maintenance and Repair Workers, General skill gaps, ranked by relevance to your displacement risk profile.
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Upskill to Reduce Risk
Courses addressing your most AI-vulnerable skills
SQL Fundamentals Skill Track
by DataCamp
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AI-Augmentation Tools
Learn to work alongside AI and boost your productivity
Cybersecurity Fundamentals Path
by Pluralsight
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Strengthen Your Edge
Double down on skills AI can't replicate
Leading People and Teams Specialization
by University of Michigan
Estimated Impact
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Risk reduction and salary impact are estimates based on skill gap analysis, course relevance, and labor market data. Actual results vary by individual circumstance.
Education & Training
Percentage of workers at each education and training level
Education Level
Prior Experience Needed
Work experience required to enter this job
Training Provided After Hiring
How long it typically takes to learn on the job
How AI Impacts Each Task
30 tasks analyzed
Inspect, operate, or test machinery or equipment to diagnose machine malfunctions.
Dismantle machines, equipment, or devices to access and remove defective parts, using hoists, cranes, hand tools, or power tools.
Diagnose mechanical problems and determine how to correct them, checking blueprints, repair manuals, or parts catalogs, as necessary.
Perform routine maintenance, such as inspecting drives, motors, or belts, checking fluid levels, replacing filters, or doing other preventive maintenance actions.
Repair machines, equipment, or structures, using tools such as hammers, hoists, saws, drills, wrenches, or equipment such as precision measuring instruments or electrical or electronic testing devices.
Maintain or repair specialized equipment or machinery located in cafeterias, laundries, hospitals, stores, offices, or factories.
Assemble boilers at installation sites, using tools such as levels, plumb bobs, hammers, torches, or other hand tools.
Assemble, install, or repair wiring, electrical or electronic components, pipe systems, plumbing, machinery, or equipment.
Test and treat water supply.
Clean or lubricate shafts, bearings, gears, or other parts of machinery.
Adjust functional parts of devices or control instruments, using hand tools, levels, plumb bobs, or straightedges.
Perform routine maintenance on boilers, such as replacing burners or hoses, installing replacement parts, or reinforcing structural weaknesses to ensure optimal boiler efficiency.
Order parts, supplies, or equipment from catalogs or suppliers.
Plan and lay out repair work, using diagrams, drawings, blueprints, maintenance manuals, or schematic diagrams.
Install equipment to improve the energy or operational efficiency of residential or commercial buildings.
Set up and operate machine tools to repair or fabricate machine parts, jigs, fixtures, or tools.
Perform general cleaning duties of buildings or properties.
Train or manage maintenance personnel or subcontractors.
Paint or repair roofs, windows, doors, floors, woodwork, plaster, drywall, or other parts of building structures.
Align and balance new equipment after installation.
Provide groundskeeping services, such as landscaping or snow removal.
Operate cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts.
Inspect used parts to determine changes in dimensional requirements, using rules, calipers, micrometers, or other measuring instruments.
Record type and cost of maintenance or repair work.
Fabricate or repair counters, benches, partitions, or other wooden structures, such as sheds or outbuildings.
Position, attach, or blow insulating materials to prevent energy losses from buildings, pipes, or other structures or objects.
Estimate costs to repair machinery, equipment, or building structures.
Grind and reseat valves, using valve-grinding machines.
Design new equipment to aid in the repair or maintenance of machines, mechanical equipment, or building structures.
Lay brick to repair or maintain buildings, walls, arches, or other structures.
| Task | AI Capability | Risk | Time % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspect, operate, or test machinery or equipment to diagnose machine malfunctions. | 35Estimated | 41.0% | 6% | |
| Dismantle machines, equipment, or devices to access and remove defective parts, using hoists, cranes, hand tools, or power tools. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 6% | |
| Diagnose mechanical problems and determine how to correct them, checking blueprints, repair manuals, or parts catalogs, as necessary. | 68.75Observed | 54.5% | 6% | |
| Perform routine maintenance, such as inspecting drives, motors, or belts, checking fluid levels, replacing filters, or doing other preventive maintenance actions. | 20Estimated | 41.0% | 8% | |
| Repair machines, equipment, or structures, using tools such as hammers, hoists, saws, drills, wrenches, or equipment such as precision measuring instruments or electrical or electronic testing devices. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 8% | |
| Maintain or repair specialized equipment or machinery located in cafeterias, laundries, hospitals, stores, offices, or factories. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 5% | |
| Assemble boilers at installation sites, using tools such as levels, plumb bobs, hammers, torches, or other hand tools. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 2% | |
| Assemble, install, or repair wiring, electrical or electronic components, pipe systems, plumbing, machinery, or equipment. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 6% | |
| Test and treat water supply. | 62.85Observed | 58.1% | 2% | |
| Clean or lubricate shafts, bearings, gears, or other parts of machinery. | 20Estimated | 41.0% | 4% | |
| Adjust functional parts of devices or control instruments, using hand tools, levels, plumb bobs, or straightedges. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 4% | |
| Perform routine maintenance on boilers, such as replacing burners or hoses, installing replacement parts, or reinforcing structural weaknesses to ensure optimal boiler efficiency. | 20Estimated | 41.0% | 2% | |
| Order parts, supplies, or equipment from catalogs or suppliers. | 92Estimated | 86.0% | 3% | |
| Plan and lay out repair work, using diagrams, drawings, blueprints, maintenance manuals, or schematic diagrams. | 65Estimated | 53.0% | 4% | |
| Install equipment to improve the energy or operational efficiency of residential or commercial buildings. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 2% | |
| Set up and operate machine tools to repair or fabricate machine parts, jigs, fixtures, or tools. | 10Estimated | 13.0% | 2% | |
| Perform general cleaning duties of buildings or properties. | 40Estimated | 49.0% | 3% | |
| Train or manage maintenance personnel or subcontractors. | 20Estimated | 23.0% | 2% | |
| Paint or repair roofs, windows, doors, floors, woodwork, plaster, drywall, or other parts of building structures. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 4% | |
| Align and balance new equipment after installation. | 10Estimated | 13.0% | 2% | |
| Provide groundskeeping services, such as landscaping or snow removal. | 45Estimated | 51.0% | 2% | |
| Operate cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts. | 10Estimated | 13.0% | 2% | |
| Inspect used parts to determine changes in dimensional requirements, using rules, calipers, micrometers, or other measuring instruments. | 35Estimated | 47.0% | 2% | |
| Record type and cost of maintenance or repair work. | 92Estimated | 86.0% | 3% | |
| Fabricate or repair counters, benches, partitions, or other wooden structures, such as sheds or outbuildings. | 5Estimated | 11.0% | 2% | |
| Position, attach, or blow insulating materials to prevent energy losses from buildings, pipes, or other structures or objects. | 20Estimated | 41.0% | 2% | |
| Estimate costs to repair machinery, equipment, or building structures. | 87Estimated | 84.0% | 2% | |
| Grind and reseat valves, using valve-grinding machines. | 25Estimated | 43.0% | 2% | |
| Design new equipment to aid in the repair or maintenance of machines, mechanical equipment, or building structures. | 60Estimated | 51.0% | 2% | |
| Lay brick to repair or maintain buildings, walls, arches, or other structures. | 10Estimated | 13.0% | 2% |
Protective Factors
Total protective discount: 25.9%
Essential Soft Skills
Traits that are hard for AI to replicate
Wage & Employment (2024)
Median Wage
$48,620
per year
Mean Wage
$52,430
per year
Employment
1.5M
workers
Wage Range
$33,860 - $76,110
10th - 90th pct
Wage Distribution
Explore other career paths
Compare displacement risk across occupations and find careers with stronger long-term prospects.
Alternate Career Paths
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Signal and Track Switch Repairers
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Pipe Fitters and Steamfitters
18%Median salary: $62,970
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Plumbers
19%Median salary: $62,970
Higher risk than 5% of other occupations
Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians
19%Median salary: $54,950
Higher risk than 5% of other occupations
Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers
20%Median salary: $53,990
Higher risk than 7% of other occupations
Motorcycle Mechanics
20%Median salary: $47,200
Higher risk than 7% of other occupations
Industrial Machinery Mechanics
24%Median salary: $63,760
Higher risk than 16% of other occupations
Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door
26%Median salary: $74,690
Higher risk than 21% of other occupations
Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators
42%Median salary: $75,190
Higher risk than 85% of other occupations
Sales Managers
25%Higher risk than 20% of other occupations
Chief Executives
26%Higher risk than 23% of other occupations
General and Operations Managers
28%Higher risk than 29% of other occupations
Marketing Managers
30%Higher risk than 38% of other occupations
Advertising and Promotions Managers
31%Higher risk than 43% of other occupations
Computer and Information Systems Managers
31%Higher risk than 45% of other occupations
Recommendations
Skills to Develop
These skills are at risk from AI automation. Maintenance and Repair Workers, General professionals should diversify beyond them.
- Information Ordering
High reliance on Information Ordering is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Reading Comprehension
Reading Comprehension is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
- Mathematics
Mathematics is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
- Memorization
Memorization is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
- Mathematics
Mathematics is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Skills to Leverage
These human-centric skills remain difficult for AI to replicate. Double down here.
- Equipment Maintenance
Equipment Maintenance is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Manual Dexterity
Manual Dexterity is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Adaptability/Flexibility
Adaptability/Flexibility is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Leadership
Leadership is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Complex Problem Solving
Complex Problem Solving is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Tools to Adopt
AI can amplify these skills. Learn the tools that augment rather than replace your work.
- Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Monitoring
Monitoring will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Judgment and Decision Making
Judgment and Decision Making will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Active Learning
Active Learning will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Writing
Writing will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
Score History
Risk score over 2 scoring runs
overall change
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