Office Clerks, General
Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, stenography, office machine operation, and filing.
AI Impact Summary
Office Clerks, General faces moderate AI displacement risk with a score of 47/100. This occupation has higher AI displacement risk than 95% of all analyzed occupations. Of 21 analyzed tasks, 8 are highly automatable, particularly routine cognitive tasks. Strong protective factors — including social intelligence, creativity, or regulatory barriers — significantly reduce effective risk.
Skill Impact Analysis
AI-Vulnerable Skills (6)
High reliance on Reading Comprehension is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
High reliance on Information Ordering is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
Mathematics is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Mathematics is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Memorization is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Programming is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
AI-Resistant Skills (11)
Adaptability/Flexibility is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Social Perceptiveness is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Service Orientation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Coordination is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Leadership is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Instructing is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Complex Problem Solving is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Negotiation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
AI-Augmented Skills (7)
Recommended Courses
Courses matched to Office Clerks, General skill gaps, ranked by relevance to your displacement risk profile.
Get personalized recommendations. Answer a few questions about your experience and skills to get course suggestions tailored specifically to you.
Upskill to Reduce Risk
Courses addressing your most AI-vulnerable skills
Google Technical Writing
by Google
Estimated Impact
AI-Augmentation Tools
Learn to work alongside AI and boost your productivity
Creative Writing Specialization
by Wesleyan University
Estimated Impact
Strengthen Your Edge
Double down on skills AI can't replicate
Inspired Leadership Through Emotional Intelligence
by Case Western Reserve University
Estimated Impact
We may earn a commission when you enroll through our links, at no extra cost to you. This helps fund the Takeover Tracker.
Risk reduction and salary impact are estimates based on skill gap analysis, course relevance, and labor market data. Actual results vary by individual circumstance.
Education & Training
Percentage of workers at each education and training level
Education Level
Prior Experience Needed
Work experience required to enter this job
Training Provided After Hiring
How long it typically takes to learn on the job
How AI Impacts Each Task
21 tasks analyzed
Operate office machines, such as photocopiers and scanners, facsimile machines, voice mail systems, and personal computers.
Answer telephones, direct calls, and take messages.
Communicate with customers, employees, and other individuals to answer questions, disseminate or explain information, take orders, and address complaints.
Collect, count, and disburse money, do basic bookkeeping, and complete banking transactions.
Complete and mail bills, contracts, policies, invoices, or checks.
Maintain and update filing, inventory, mailing, and database systems, either manually or using a computer.
Compile, copy, sort, and file records of office activities, business transactions, and other activities.
Review files, records, and other documents to obtain information to respond to requests.
Open, sort, and route incoming mail, answer correspondence, and prepare outgoing mail.
Process and prepare documents, such as business or government forms and expense reports.
Compute, record, and proofread data and other information, such as records or reports.
Complete work schedules, manage calendars, and arrange appointments.
Monitor and direct the work of lower-level clerks.
Prepare meeting agendas, attend meetings, and record and transcribe minutes.
Type, format, proofread, and edit correspondence and other documents, from notes or dictating machines, using computers or typewriters.
Inventory and order materials, supplies, and services.
Deliver messages and run errands.
Train other staff members to perform work activities, such as using computer applications.
Count, weigh, measure, or organize materials.
Make travel arrangements for office personnel.
Troubleshoot problems involving office equipment, such as computer hardware and software.
| Task | AI Capability | Risk | Time % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operate office machines, such as photocopiers and scanners, facsimile machines, voice mail systems, and personal computers. | 52.65Observed | 54.1% | 9% | |
| Answer telephones, direct calls, and take messages. | 33.15Observed | 62.5% | 9% | |
| Communicate with customers, employees, and other individuals to answer questions, disseminate or explain information, take orders, and address complaints. | 44.12Observed | 32.7% | 10% | |
| Collect, count, and disburse money, do basic bookkeeping, and complete banking transactions. | 60.95Observed | 73.6% | 5% | |
| Complete and mail bills, contracts, policies, invoices, or checks. | 85Estimated | 83.2% | 5% | |
| Maintain and update filing, inventory, mailing, and database systems, either manually or using a computer. | 90Estimated | 85.2% | 6% | |
| Compile, copy, sort, and file records of office activities, business transactions, and other activities. | 48.38Observed | 68.6% | 6% | |
| Review files, records, and other documents to obtain information to respond to requests. | 33.33Observed | 62.5% | 5% | |
| Open, sort, and route incoming mail, answer correspondence, and prepare outgoing mail. | 45Estimated | 51.0% | 5% | |
| Process and prepare documents, such as business or government forms and expense reports. | 34.48Observed | 63.0% | 5% | |
| Compute, record, and proofread data and other information, such as records or reports. | 95Estimated | 87.2% | 5% | |
| Complete work schedules, manage calendars, and arrange appointments. | 31.73Observed | 61.9% | 4% | |
| Monitor and direct the work of lower-level clerks. | 30Estimated | 27.0% | 2% | |
| Prepare meeting agendas, attend meetings, and record and transcribe minutes. | 53.2Observed | 70.5% | 3% | |
| Type, format, proofread, and edit correspondence and other documents, from notes or dictating machines, using computers or typewriters. | 97Estimated | 88.0% | 5% | |
| Inventory and order materials, supplies, and services. | 92Estimated | 86.0% | 3% | |
| Deliver messages and run errands. | 30Estimated | 45.0% | 3% | |
| Train other staff members to perform work activities, such as using computer applications. | 40Estimated | 31.0% | 2% | |
| Count, weigh, measure, or organize materials. | 40Estimated | 49.0% | 3% | |
| Make travel arrangements for office personnel. | 90Estimated | 85.2% | 2% | |
| Troubleshoot problems involving office equipment, such as computer hardware and software. | 59.08Observed | 50.6% | 3% |
Protective Factors
Total protective discount: 24.8%
Essential Soft Skills
Traits that are hard for AI to replicate
Wage & Employment (2024)
Median Wage
$43,630
per year
Mean Wage
$45,470
per year
Employment
2.5M
workers
Wage Range
$29,120 - $63,840
10th - 90th pct
Wage Distribution
Explore other career paths
Compare displacement risk across occupations and find careers with stronger long-term prospects.
Alternate Career Paths
See all transitionsBill and Account Collectors
40%Median salary: $46,040
Higher risk than 81% of other occupations
Receptionists and Information Clerks
41%Median salary: $37,230
Higher risk than 82% of other occupations
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
48%Higher risk than 96% of other occupations
Insurance Claims Clerks
49%Median salary: $48,450
Higher risk than 97% of other occupations
License Clerks
51%Median salary: $47,700
Higher risk than 98% of other occupations
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service
52%Median salary: $38,370
Higher risk than 98% of other occupations
Medical Secretaries
52%Median salary: $44,640
Higher risk than 98% of other occupations
Word Processors and Typists
53%Median salary: $47,850
Higher risk than 99% of other occupations
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
53%Median salary: $46,290
Higher risk than 99% of other occupations
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
59%Median salary: $55,290
Higher risk than 99% of other occupations
Sales Managers
25%Higher risk than 20% of other occupations
Chief Executives
26%Higher risk than 23% of other occupations
General and Operations Managers
28%Higher risk than 29% of other occupations
Marketing Managers
30%Higher risk than 38% of other occupations
Advertising and Promotions Managers
31%Higher risk than 43% of other occupations
Computer and Information Systems Managers
31%Higher risk than 45% of other occupations
Recommendations
Skills to Develop
These skills are at risk from AI automation. Office Clerks, General professionals should diversify beyond them.
- Reading Comprehension
High reliance on Reading Comprehension is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Information Ordering
High reliance on Information Ordering is a risk area. Consider developing complementary AI-resistant skills to maintain value.
- Mathematics
Mathematics is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
- Mathematics
Mathematics is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
- Memorization
Memorization is AI-vulnerable but has moderate importance in this role. AI tools may handle this; focus on higher-value skills.
Skills to Leverage
These human-centric skills remain difficult for AI to replicate. Double down here.
- Adaptability/Flexibility
Adaptability/Flexibility is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Social Perceptiveness
Social Perceptiveness is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Service Orientation
Service Orientation is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Coordination
Coordination is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
- Leadership
Leadership is AI-resistant — strengthening this skill provides durable career protection.
Tools to Adopt
AI can amplify these skills. Learn the tools that augment rather than replace your work.
- Writing
Writing will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Monitoring
Monitoring will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Judgment and Decision Making
Judgment and Decision Making will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
- Active Learning
Active Learning will be enhanced by AI. Develop expertise in using AI tools for this skill to increase productivity.
Score History
Risk score over 2 scoring runs
overall change